South Africa’s move to greener energy is creating new jobs, but benefits aren’t evenly spread

By Jessika Bohlmann, Getrude Njokwe, Kehinde Oluwaseun Omotoso and Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu

South Africa’s green transition is creating jobs. But not for everyone. The country’s economy has historically been heavily reliant on coal. Around 70% of its energy is generated from coal. This makes it one of the world’s most carbon-intensive economies.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and modernise the energy system, the government is advancing a transition towards renewable energy, improved energy efficiency, and the development of low-carbon industries.

This shift forms part of South Africa’s commitment to a just energy transition, supported by international partners through the Just Energy Transition Partnership.

The transition is unfolding in a context of persistently high unemployment. The official rate is 30%. Youth unemployment is particularly severe. In response, policymakers and international organisations have promoted green industrial development and investment in renewable energy as potential drivers of job creation and inclusive growth.

But the extent to which these opportunities will